Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which can fill with fluid or pus. This condition can be caused by various infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and, less commonly, parasites.
Types of Pneumonia:
- Bacterial Pneumonia: Often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. It can occur on its own or after a respiratory infection.
- Viral Pneumonia: Commonly caused by viruses like influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
- Fungal Pneumonia: More common in people with weakened immune systems, caused by organisms like Pneumocystis jirovecii.
- Aspiration Pneumonia: Occurs when food, liquid, or vomit is inhaled into the lungs.
Symptoms:
- Cough (with phlegm or pus)
- Fever
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain (especially when breathing deeply)
- Fatigue
- Chills
Diagnosis:
- Physical Exam: Listening to the lungs with a stethoscope.
- Imaging: Chest X-ray or CT scan to visualize the lungs.
- Laboratory Tests: Blood tests, sputum culture, or bronchoscopy to identify the pathogen.
Treatment:
- Antibiotics: For bacterial pneumonia.
- Antiviral Medications: For viral pneumonia in some cases.
- Antifungal Medications: For fungal pneumonia.
- Supportive Care: Includes rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers.
Prevention:
- Vaccination: Vaccines like the pneumococcal vaccine and the flu vaccine can reduce the risk of pneumonia.
- Good Hygiene: Regular handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick individuals can help.
- Healthy Lifestyle: A strong immune system can be supported through proper nutrition, exercise, and adequate sleep.